|
The Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act (CISPA (112th Congress), (113th Congress), (114th Congress)) is a proposed law in the United States which would allow for the sharing of Internet traffic information between the U.S. government and technology and manufacturing companies. The stated aim of the bill is to help the U.S. government investigate cyber threats and ensure the security of networks against cyberattacks. The legislation was introduced on November 30, 2011, by Representative Michael Rogers (R-MI) and 111 co-sponsors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:H.R.3523: )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/hr3523 )〕 It was passed in the House of Representatives on April 26, 2012, but was not passed by the U.S. Senate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2012/roll192.xml )〕 President Barack Obama's advisers have argued that the bill lacks confidentiality and civil liberties safeguards, and the White House said he would veto it. In February 2013 the House reintroduced the bill〔("CISPA Cybersecurity Bill, Reborn: 6 Key Facts" ), Mathew J. Schwartz, ''Information Week'', February 14, 2013〕 and it passed in the United States House of Representatives on April 18, 2013,〔("FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 117" ). Retrieved April 18, 2013〕 but stalled and was not voted upon by the Senate. On July 10, 2014 a similar bill, the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA), was introduced in the Senate.〔("Controversial Cybersecurity Bill Known As CISA Advances Out Of Senate Committee" ), Gregory S. McNeal, ''Forbes'', July 9, 2014.〕 In January 2015 the House reintroduced the bill again. The bill has been Referred to the Committee on Intelligence, and as of February 2, 2015 to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations and Subcommittee on Constitution and Civil Justice to see if it will come to the House for a vote. CISPA had garnered favor from corporations and lobbying groups such as Microsoft, Facebook, AT&T, IBM, Apple Inc. and the United States Chamber of Commerce, which look on it as a simple and effective means of sharing important cyber threat information with the government. It has however been criticized by advocates of Internet privacy and civil liberties, such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the American Civil Liberties Union, Free Press, Fight for the Future, and Avaaz.org, as well as various conservative and libertarian groups including the Competitive Enterprise Institute, TechFreedom, FreedomWorks, Americans for Limited Government, Liberty Coalition, and the American Conservative Union. Those groups argue CISPA contains too few limits on how and when the government may monitor a private individual’s Internet browsing information. Additionally, they fear that such new powers could be used to spy on the general public rather than to pursue malicious hackers.〔(5 Reasons the CISPA Cybersecurity Bill Should Be Tossed ) Time Techland, By Matt Peckham〕 Some critics saw wording included in CISPA as a second attempt to protect intellectual property after the Stop Online Piracy Act was taken off the table by Congress after it met opposition. Intellectual property theft was initially listed in the bill as a possible cause for sharing Web traffic information with the government, though it was removed in subsequent drafts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.law360.com/articles/330398/house-cybersecurity-bill-backs-off-on-ip-theft-provisions )〕 ==Content== CISPA is an amendment to the National Security Act of 1947, which does not currently contain provisions pertaining to cybercrime. It adds provisions to the Act describing cyber threat intelligence as "information in the possession of an element of the intelligence community directly pertaining to a vulnerability of, or threat to, a system or network of a government or private entity, including information pertaining to the protection of a system or network from either "efforts to degrade, disrupt, or destroy such system or network".〔(H.R. 3523 Discussion Draft ) - U.S. House of Representatives - November 29, 2011〕 In addition, CISPA requires the Director of National Intelligence to establish procedures to allow intelligence community elements to share cyber threat intelligence with private-sector entities and encourage the sharing of such intelligence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d112:HR03523:@@@D&summ2=m& )〕 In an April 16, 2012, press release, the House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence announced the approval of several amendments to CISPA, including the addition of a new provision "to permit federal lawsuits against the government for any violation of restrictions placed on the government’s use of voluntarily shared information, including the important privacy and civil liberties protections contained in the bill," the inclusion of an anti-tasking provision to "explicitly prohibit the government from conditioning its sharing of cyber threat intelligence on the sharing of private sector information with the government", and the prevention of the government from using the information for "any other lawful purpose unless the government already has a significant cybersecurity or national security purpose in using the information". Relevant provisions were also clarified to "focus on the fact that the bill is designed to protect against unauthorized access to networks or systems, including unauthorized access aimed at stealing private or government information".〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://intelligence.house.gov/press-release/bill-status-update-hr-3523 )〕 In addition, already collected cyberthreat data can also be used to investigate "the imminent threat of bodily harm to an individual" or "the exploitation of a minor," bringing the bill into line with existing law codified by the Patriot Act and the PROTECT Our Children Act〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PROTECT Our Children Act of 2008 (2008; 110th Congress S. 1738) - GovTrack.us )〕 in which these two conditions already allow for protected entities to share data voluntarily with the United States government, law enforcement agencies, and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|